Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies systematically examine process systems to identify potential hazards and operability issues arising from deviations from the design intent. The assessment considers potential effects on personnel, assets, the environment and plant operation. An experienced facilitator leads a structured workshop with a multidisciplinary team. Relevant process documentation and agreed guidewords guide the review of each defined study node. The team examines the causes and consequences of deviations and evaluates existing or proposed safeguards. Recommendations address the need for additional risk reduction measures or improvements in operability. A HAZOP report records the findings and agreed actions to support design improvement and safe operation.